今天没吃药 感觉自己萌萌哒~~
新概念·1册·笔记2(Lesson21~40)
Lesson21~22
1.one不定代词(复数:ones)(不定代词在115课有详细,现在只是带过)
one是不定代词,代替a book,为了避免重复(同一个词在同一句里,说多了烦)。
例句:
This one?
Do you want this one?
2.常用省略
Which book(do you want)?
No, not that one.
=No, I do not want that one.
3.数字1010,1011的英文写法
1010—-a thousand and ten
1011—-a thousand and eleven
4.人称代词(主格/宾格)
概念:用来代替名词/名词短语,
作用:在对话中,已知所指的情况下使用,避免重复
人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
(1)在陈述句中,主格代词总是位于动词之前。(倒装就不一样了)
(2)宾格代词可代替处于宾语位置上的名词,它们可以作直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语:谓语动词的承受者
间接宾语:受影响的事或人
Give me a book.给我一本书。(宾格代词)
give动词,me间接宾语(受影响的人/物),a book 直接宾语(谓语的承受者)
我另一篇文章有写:
5.which引导的特殊疑问句(一种限定的、特指的选择)
which+名词,可询问的物(单/复/不可数)
Which book/books do you prefer?哪本/些书你更喜欢?
Which car do you like best?哪辆车你最喜欢?
6.large与big异同对比
(1)large
a.修饰物品时,物理量/值(体积、面积、形状、数量)的大
b.修饰人时,指个子大(想到jojo祖传的身高)
c.是small的反义词
China is a large country.中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。
Look at that large woman in white.瞧那个身穿白色衣服、个子高大的女人。
(2)big所表示的大,主要指不仅体积大而且很重。
a large box(未必big。也可能是空箱子)
(big在修饰人时,主要指大人物,但个子未必高大。)
It is a big house.这是一所大房子。(不仅体积大,而且给人深刻的或结实的印象)
She’s very big in the filmdom.她在电影界中是个响当当的人物(有很大影响力,重量级)
7.small与little异同
(1)small
a.指物理量值的小或少(不带感情色彩)
b.是large的反义词
It is a small factory.这是一个小工厂。
I want the small one with the yellow handle.我想要那个黄色小把手的。
(2)little
a.表示小或少,但有小而可爱的感情色彩
b.是big的反义词
There is a little garden behind our house.我们的屋后有个小花园(但很可爱)
She has the sweetest little smiles.她的微笑十分甜蜜可爱。
8.元音字母组合发音
(1)su \ʒ\(比较少见)
measure,leisure
(2)th
\θ
three,thank,thin,beneath,
\ð
that,these,they,thus
(3)tch \tʃ\
march,batch,catch,bitch
(4)tr \tr\
tree,trip,travel,troy
(5)dr \dr\
drop,drive,dry,dream
(6)-ts \ts\发“刺,ci”的声音
shirts,skirts,boots,tickets
(7)-ds \dz\发“zi”的声音
birds,lands,hands,goods

Lesson23-24
1.口语常用省略
(I want)The ones is on the shelf.是架子上的那几只。
on the shelf是介词短语,作定语,修饰ones
ones代表glasses
(介词前面必须要有动词,不然不成句)
2.数字1117,1925的英文写法
1117—-one thousand one hundred and seventeen
1925—-one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five
3.介词 prep.
(1)介词:
形式:连接两个词或词与句子(介词始终带有宾语,不然没意义)
作用:表示人/物/事之间的各种关系, 如时空间关系、因果关系等。
位置:在名词、名词短语、代词或动名词前面用介词
注意:使用介词时,不能忘记动词(没有动词也要造个助动词)
The book on the desk.(错,没有动词)
The book is on the desk.
The glass is on the table那个玻璃杯在桌子上
The spoon is on the plate.那个勺子在盘子上
The bottle is on the box.那个瓶子在盒子上。
(2)介词短语
介词短语是由介词+名词(+介词)构成的,
on time(准时),in the middle of(在……中间)。
5.字母拼写
(1)\ɔːl\ all
wall,ball,fall,small
(2)**ə**ri\ ary
January,February,library,ordinary
(3)\ju:\ ew
new,few,knew,view
(4)\n\ kn
knife,knee,know,knock
(5)\aɪt\ ight
fight,night,light,bright
(6)\aɪə\ ire
fire,tired,hire,wire
(7)\ɔːt\ ought
bought,thought,brought,sought
6.部分课后练习(加强宾格的练习)
A部分,都是填宾格
1.Give Jane this watch. Give her this one, too.给jane这个手表,也给她一个。
2.Give the children these ice creams. Give them these, too.
3.Give Tom this book. Give him this one, too.
4.That is my passport. Give me my passport please.
5.That is my coat. Give me my coat please.
6.Those are our umbrellas. Give us our umbrellas please.

Lesson25-26
1.数字10000的英文写法
10000—-ten thousand
2.定冠词the
(1)the形式不变,指人/指物、单数/复数
(2)the的发音(ð要咬两侧的舌)
the在辅音前读[ðə]【嘚】
the floor, the table, the bed, the desk;
the在元音(即一般前面用an的词的首字母)之前发[ði:]【滴】
the engineer, the ice cream, the old man, the open window。
(3)the的基本用法:
A. the通常有明确的所指(即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提)
B. the可与单复数可数名词、不可数名词(总是单数形式)连用。
3.部分课后练习(加强冠词练习)
A
1 Give me a(不特指)glass. Which glass? The(特指)empty one.
2 Give me some cups. Which cups? The(特指)cups on the table.
3 Is there a(不特指)book on the(特指)table? Yes, there is. Is the(特指)book red?
4 Is there a(不特指)knife in that box? Yes, there is. Is the(特指)knife sharp?

Lesson27-28
1.数字9999与10001的英文写法
9999—-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
10001—-ten thousand and one
2.there+be结构(There be…:存在某物)
(1)作用
在说明或询问人、物等的存在时即可使用there+be结构。
可将重要的新信息置于句末,以示强调。
(2)疑问句,助动词be前提,其余部分不变
Is there a dirty fork on the plate?碟子上有一个脏的叉子吗?
Is there a full bottle in the cupboard?橱柜里有一瓶酒吗?
Are there any ties on the floor?地上有一些领带吗?
Are there any newspapers on the shelf?架子上有些报纸吗?
(3)否定句,助动词be+not(any)或no
No, there is not a fork on the plate.没有,碟子上没有叉子。
No, there isn’t one in the cupboard.没有,橱柜里一个也没有。
No, there aren’t any ties on the floor.没有,地板上没有任何领带。
No, there are no newspapers on the shelf.没有,架子上没有任何报纸。
(4)就近原则(多种物品并列,单复数就近)
There is a table and four chairs.(一个桌子用is)
There are four chairs and a table(四个椅子用are)
3.介词前必须加动词(复习)
The television is near the window.
The money is in the bag.
The picture is on the wall.
The water is in the glass.
4.some和any的用法
用some和any时,无关数量大小(它们像是a/an的复数)
(1)some(表确定的数量)表示“某些但不是全部”的意思
作用:肯定句,疑问句
在疑问句中,希望回复Yes时也可使用some
读法:一般不重读,而念为/s+m/。
There is some water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有些水。
There are some cigarettes in the box. 盒子里有些雪茄。
Have you got some paper-clips in that box? 你那只盒子里有一些回形针吧?
(我知道或我认为你有一些,故希望你会说“有”。)
(2)any(表不确定的数量)
在含有not的否定句:表示不能确定答案是肯定/否定
疑问句:预料得到的回答是No,也可以用any
There are not any spoons in the cupboard.橱柜中没有任何汤匙。
There aren’t any plates on the dressing table.梳妆台上任何碟子都没有。
5.部分课后练习(加强any/some练习)
1 Are there any books in the room?(疑问句用any)
No, there aren’t any books in the room.(否定句用any)
There are some magazines.(陈述句用some)

Leson29~30
1.must必须:情态助动词(1)
(1)概念:
#must是情态助动词
意思:与have to相似,表示不可逃避的义务
感情色彩:说话人认为……是必要的(在说话人看来,没有选择余地)
构成:主语+must…
You must sweep the floor.你必须扫地。(我说这有必要)
(2)对must特殊疑问句的扩展
What must I do?我应该做点啥?
(what可以换成where、who、which…等疑问词)
(do可以换成say、read、clean、…等动词)
What must I say / read / clean?我该说/读/清理什么
Where must I go / live / stay?我该去/生活/停留在哪儿?
Who must I meet / love / care?我该遇见/爱/在意谁呢?
3.祈使句(复习)
特征:没有主语、动词开头
(1)表示命令:动词原形+…
come in
go out
shut the door
oper the window
air the room
(2)表示请求:please+动词原形+….
Please give me it.
(3)表示建议:Lets+动词原形+…
Let’s go, ok?
4.后缀-en,adj.+en =v.(形容词+en变动词)
sharp+en=使锋利
short+en=缩短
weak+en=削弱
5.短语积累
put on穿上
take off脱掉
turn on/off(打开/关闭带电的设备)
特殊:turn onoff the tap(水龙头是用电泵,严格来说也带电)

Lesson31-32
1.现在进行时
#用来表示此刻正在进行的动作或事件
(1)构成:am/is/are+doing现在分词
She is sitting under the tree.
He is climbing the tree.
(2)现在分词构成
a.一般+ing即可构成现在分词,
doing, climbing
b.不发音的e结尾,去e,+ing,
making
c.辅元辅,双写辅音字母+ing,
running, sitting。
唯一例外:opening
(3)疑问式:助动词be前提
ls/Am/Are+主语+ doing?
He is reading a magazine.
Is he reading a magazine? 他正在看一本杂志吗?
(4)否定式:助动词be+not
The dog is drinking its milk.
The dog is not drinking its milk. 狗没在喝它的那份牛奶。
2.部分课后习题(加强现在进行时)
1.What is Mr. Richards doing? Is he cleaning his teeth?
No, he is not cleaning his teeth. He is opening the window.
2.What is my mother doing? Is she shutting the door?
No, she is not shutting the door. She is making the bed.
3.What is the dog doing? Is it drinking its milk?
No, it is not drinking its milk. Its eating a bone.

Lesson33-34
1.it描述天气(复习)
句型结构:it is+adj+时间(it指天气)
It is a fine day today. 今天天气好。
Is it cold today?今天冷吗?
No, it isn’t. 不,不冷。
2.over/on:在上方的区别
(1)over:穿过(可以接触表面)/在……上方”(不接触表面)
a.穿过(有物体移动)
They are walking over the bridge. 他们正在过桥。(有接触)
The aeroplane is flying over the river. 飞机正在河上飞过。(无接触)
The birds are flying over the house. 鸟儿在屋上飞过。(无接触)
b.“在……上方”(不接触表面)(无物体移动,只是存在于上面)
The sky is over our heads. 天空在我们头顶上。
(2)on:“在……上面”(接触表面)
There are some boats on the river. 河上有几艘船。(有接触)
There is a book on the table. 桌上有一本书。(有接触)
3.with:和…在一起(介词,与动词连用)
He is with his new girlfriend.他和他的新女朋友在一起(人+人)
I am with my new sunglass.我带着我的新墨镜(人+物)
The house is with a garden.这栋房子带着一个花园(物+物)
4.ship大/boat小
ship一般指海洋中行驶的大船
boat一般指河中行驶的小船
5.四大类动词
(1)She is beautiful.(系动词)有构成句子的成分
(2)You must do it.(情态助动词)
(3)I wash my hands.(实义动词)
(4)She is running.(助动词)不是真正的动词,是在辅助真正动词
6.及物/不及物动词(实义动词)
(1)及物vt.(无需介词,就可以跟宾语结合)
I wash my hands.
We do our homework.
(2)不及物vi.(必须在后面加介词,才能和宾语结合)
I am looking at the picture.
He is listening to the radio.
They are waiting for the train.
7.部分课后习题(现在进行时)
1 What are the men doing? They’re cooking a meal.
2 What are they doing? They’re sleeping.
3 What are the men doing? They’re shaving.
4 What are the children doing? They’re crying.
5 What are the dogs doing? They’re eating bones.

Lesson35-36
1.常用介词(位置/路径)
(1)between:介词,“在……(两者)之间”
Village is between two hills. 我们的村庄坐落在一个山谷之中。
The man is standing between two policemen.这个男人正站在两名警察之间。
(2)along介词,“沿着”某个路径
Along the banks of the river, 沿着河岸。
(3)across介词,“通过”某个平面。
He is swimming across the river.他正横渡小河。
(4)beside介词,“在……旁边”
Beside a park,位于公园旁边。
2.another和the other区别
another:另一个(大于等于3)
the other:另一个(等于2)(the有特定一个的意思,有一个就只能有另一个)
Here is another photograph.这里是另一个图片(大于等于3)
I have two best friends.One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
我有两个朋友,一个是老师,另一个是医生。
3.名词所有格(物主代词/‘s/of的用法)(复习)
(1)物主代词(人、拟人)
我的my、你的your、
他的his、她的her、
我们的our、你们的your、他们的 their
(2)’s“的”(主体有生命)
Lucy的朋友:Lucy’ s friend(Lucy有生命)
我妈妈的包:my mother’s bag(妈妈有生命)
司机的手表:the driver’ s watch(司机有生命)
(3)of“的”(主体无生命)
我学校的照片:the photo of my school(学校无生命)
这首歌的名字:the name of the song(歌曲无生命)
那辆车的颜色:the color of the car(车辆无生命)
这房间的窗户:the window of the room(房间无生命)
(4)共同所有/各自所有的难点
Jm的房间:Jim’s room
Jack的房间:Jack’s room
Jim and Jack**’s** room(房间属二人共有)jim和jack的房间
Jim**’s** and Jack**’s** rooms(房间属二人各自所有)jim的房间和jack的房间
完整:Jim**’s** room and Jack**’s** room.(前面“room”被省略了,避免重复)
4.动词短语***
构成:动词+介词/副词小品词
副词小品词:有副词的某些特征,又有介词的词形。
修饰补充说明前面的动词,不能单独充当句子成分
没有实际意义,不能独自带宾语
英语中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词的强烈趋势。
如听到敲门声,我们会说Come in而不会用Enter来表达。
最常见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词构成的,
这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合,
如along, down, in, off, on, out, over, under等。
The cats are running along the wall. 猫正沿着墙跑。
The children are jumping off the branch. 孩子们正从树枝上跳下来。
5.部分课后练习(现在进行时)
1 Where is the man going?
He’s going into the shop.
2 Where is the woman going?
She’s going out of the shop.
3 Where is he sitting?
He’s sitting beside his mother.
4 Where are they walking?
They’re walking across the street.
5 Where are the cats running?
They’re running along the wall.

Lesson37-38
1.副词
(1)副词功能:用来修饰 adj.形容词/v.动词/adv副词,表达程度
修饰adj.形容词
I am tired.
I am very tired.
I am so tired
I am too tired.
I am awfully tired.
修饰v.动词
I love you.
I love you very much.
I love you awfully
(2)副词的位置:形前动后
I swim well.我游泳游的很好。(实意动词后面)
I know him well.我很了解他。(实意动词后面)
I am so tired.(形容词前面)
(3)词序不同,翻译会不同
hard词性讨论:努力地adv.勤奋的/艰苦的adj
hard work:艰苦的工作(work是名词)
work hard:努力地工作(work是动词)
2.宾语补足语
作用:对宾语补充说明,让句子简洁。
I’m going to paint the bookcase pink.(pink宾补修饰bookcase)
I find the room is dark(错,两个动词find和is)
I find the room dark.(dark做宾补修饰room)
We must keep the room warm.我们必须让这屋子暖和点(修饰room)
We must keep the classroom clean大家务必保持教室的干净。(修饰classroom)
Histories make men wise.历史使人明知(修饰men)
Poems make men witty.诗歌使人灵秀。
Math make men subtle.数学使人缜密。
Philosophy make men deep.哲学使人深刻。
3.for的用法
(1)为了某人
It’s for you.
It’s for my daughter, Susan.是为我的女儿苏珊做的。(Susan作my daughter的同位语)
(2)对于某人来说…
Math is so difficult for me.
(3)表原因
What are you sorry for?
(4)长达+时间段
I study Yoga for two years.
4.将来时:be going to+动词原形
(1)构成
构成1:am/is/are going to+动词原形
构成2:am/is/are going to+助动词do/be +形/名/副(非动词)
I’m going to be happy this year.我打算今年开心起来!(happy形容词)
I am going to be busy next week.我打算下周开始忙起来。(busy形容词)
This kid is going to be a doctor.这个孩子打算以后成为医生(a doctor名词)
He is going to be at home this weekend.他计划这周末呆家里。(at home副词)
(2)将来时be going to的用法
A. 表示“打算”、“准备”在最近做某事。(口语多用be going to,不用will。)
I am going to put it on the floor. 我打算把它放在地板上。
He is going to paint the bookcase tomorrow. 他准备明天给书架刷漆。
I am going to go shopping this weekend.我打算周末去逛街。
He is going to sell his old car, and buy a new one.他打算把旧车卖了买辆新的。
B.表示按计划、安排要发生的事:
The meeting is going to begin at nine. 会议将在9点开始。
Where are you going to build the road? 你们将在什么地方筑路?
C.表示预言一件事即将发生:
It’s going to rain! 天要下雨了!(下雨,动词)
She’s going to faint! 她要晕倒了!
(3)be going to的疑问式/否定式
George is going to paint it pink. 乔治打算把它刷成粉红色。
She is going to go shopping this weekend.她打算周末去逛街。
疑问:助动词be提到句首
Is George going to paint it pink? 乔治打算把它刷成粉红色吗?
Is she going to go shopping this weekend?她是否打算周末去逛街?
否定:助动词be+not
George is not going to point it pink. 乔治不打算把它刷成粉红色。
She is not going to go shopping this weekend.她不打算周末去逛街。
(4)现在进行时/一般将来时:对比
一般将来时:主语+ is/am/are+ going to+动词原形do
现在进行时:主语+ is/am/are+ doing现在分词
5.部分课后习题(一般将来时+现在进行时)
1 What are you going to do? I’m going to shave.(be+going to+do)一般将来时
What are you doing now? I’m shaving.(be+doing)现在进行时
2 What are you going to do? I**’m going to** wait for a bus.
What are you doing now? I**’m** waiting for a bus.
3 What are you going to do? I**’m going to do** my homework.
What are you doing now? I**’m doing** my homework.
4 What are you going to do? I**’m going to listen** to the stereo.
What are you doing now? I**’m listening** to the stereo.
5 What are you going to do? I**’m going to wash** the dishes.
What are you doing now? I**’m washing** the dishes.

Lesson39-40
1.front有无of的用法
in front of 在……前面(没有范围)
in the front of,在……的前部(有范围)(the和of加强了对范围的界定)
The man is in front of the car.这个男人在车的前面。
The man is in the front of the car.这个男人在车里的前部。
2.祈使句的否定
形式:
Don’t(Do not)+V.(动词原形)(实意动词)
No+ n.
Don’t drop it!别摔了!
Don’t do that.不要做那事。
Don’t wait! 别等了!
Don’t speak to me like that! 别那样跟我讲话!
Do it!
Don’t do it!
Come in!
Don’t come in!
Dust it.
Don’t dust it
Don’t smoke.
No smoking.
使用祈使句时,重音、语调、手势和面部表情,尤其是情境和上下文,
都说明这种形式用于表示是否友好、不客气、愤怒、不耐烦、有说服性等。
3.do with:处理
What are you going to do with…?你打算怎么处理…?
What are you going to do with the old books?你打算怎么处理这些旧书?
4.双宾语:直接宾语/间接宾语
(1)概念
直接宾语:指物,动作的直接承受者,如a book, it
间接宾语:指人,动作的间接承受者,如me
(2)双宾语的句型转化
常用的双宾语动词:give、show、take、teach,send
句型转换:
give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.
show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.
send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.
take sb, sth.=take sth. to sb.
Give it to me.把它给我。
Give me it.
(you主语、省略)Give(谓) it(直接宾语)to me(间接宾语)
Give that knife to me. 给我那把小刀。
Give me that knife.
I give some money to him
I give him some money
I give a flower to my mother.
I give my mother a flower.
I give some new books to them.我给了他们一些新书。
I give them some new books
I give a cat to her.我给了她一只猫。
I give her a cat.
Show the magazine to her. 给她那本杂志。
Show her the magazine.
Im going to send my grandma a letter.我打算给我奶奶送一封信
I’m going to send a letter to my grandma.
Im going to show my friend my new dress.我打算给我朋友展示一下我的新裙子
I’m going to show my new dress to my friend
新概念·1册·笔记2(Lesson21~40)
https://www.fylstudio.online/2021/07/18/新概念·1册·笔记2(Lesson21-40)/

