今天没吃药 感觉自己萌萌哒~~
新概念·1册·笔记5（Lesson81~100）
Lesson81~82
1.have总结（属性）
（1）实意动词：有动词形态变化（has/had）
A.拥有
I have a close friend in Beijing.我在北京有一个亲密的朋友。
B.生病（have a+疾病）
have a cold：感冒
have a headache：头痛
have a toothache：牙痛
C.吃、喝、玩、乐、做（国内比喻：东北话“整”的用法，万能用法）
have a bath洗澡
have a swim游泳
have a haircut理发
have a party聚会
have a holiday度假
have a good time玩的开心
have a lesson上课
（2）助动词（充当句子成分，本身无意义）
现在完成时：主语+have（has）+done（过去分词）
过去完成时：主语+had+done（过去分词）
2.部分课后练习B
1 They are going to have breakfast.他们要去吃早餐（一般将来）
2 They are having lunch.他们正在吃午餐（现在进行）
3 He must have tea.他必须喝茶（一般现在）
4 They had dinner.他们吃了晚餐。（一般过去）
5 They must have a meal.他们必须吃一顿。（一般现在）
6 He is going to have a swim.他要去游泳了。（一般将来）
7 He is having a bath.他正在洗澡（现在进行）
8 He had a haircut.他剪了头发（一般过去）
9 They are having a lesson.他们正在上课（现在进行）
10 They had a party.他们办了个派对（一般过去）
3.国内厨房术语（课外学习）
（1）各种烹饪叫法
fried油炸、roast烘烤、
bake烘焙、grill用（烤架）烤、
simmer炖、steam蒸、
mash捣碎、boil煮熟、
mince/chop绞碎、shell剥皮
（2）中国特色食品
a boiled egg煮鸡蛋、a fried egg煎鸡蛋、
a tea egg茶叶蛋、fried sticks油条、
sliced noodles刀削面、steamed bread馒头、
sweet ball soup汤圆、fish ball soup鱼丸汤、
eight treasures porridge八宝粥、sweet potato porridge地瓜粥、
soybean milk豆浆、hot pot火锅、
Lesson83~84
1.already已经（完成时常用词）
用法：放在肯定句、疑问句中
位置：通常在done过去分词前
He has already had a bath.他已经洗完澡了。
I have already had my lesson我已经上完课了。
Have you already done your homework？你已经完成作业了吗？
Has he already had a swim？他已经游完泳了吗？
2.just刚刚（完成时常用词）
用法：放在肯定句中
位置：通常在have/has后
He has just had a bath.他刚刚洗完澡。
I have just had my lesson.我刚刚上完课。
PS：
just是刚刚，昨天，去年，都能是刚刚（现在完成时）
只有just now是着眼于现在的刚刚（一般过去时）
I just returned to China last year.我去年刚刚回国。
3.现在完成时
（1）是什么？何时用？
截止到现在，已经完成了的事
a.表示在过去“不确定”的时间里发生的，与现在有“联系”的动作（不确定的时间！！！）
b.表示在过去开始、持续到现在的动作
（2）怎么翻译？
现在完成时在汉语中常用“了”、“过”或“已经”来表示。
（3）怎么用？（现在完成时结构）
主语+have/has+ done过去分词
a.第3人称单数用has，其他人称皆用have（have无意义，不翻译）
b.规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词过去分词无规律，需特别记忆。
（4）怎么加时间状语？
现在完成时通常+不确定的时间副词或短语（很模糊的，不确定的时间！！！）
just刚刚、already已经、before之前、
never从不、ever曾经、
twice两次、three times三次
（5）现在完成时的疑问/否定
a.疑问：将have/has提到主语之前（也就是助动词提前），过去分词不变回原形！
b.否定：在have/has后加上not
（6）随着时态变化，动词的变化（复习）
动词原形do
现在分词doing
三单形式does
过去式did
过去分词done
（7）例子
Have you aired the room？你已经给房间通过风了吗？
I have aired the room.我已经给房间通过风了。
Has he watched the movie？他已经看完这部电影了吗？
He has watched the movie.他已经看完这部电影了。
Have we arrived in Beijing？我们已经到达北京了吗？
We have arrived in Beijing.我们已经到达北京了
Have you had breakfast？你已经吃过早饭了吗？
I have had breakfast.我已经吃过早饭了。
Has he had his holiday他已经度过假了吗？
He has had his holiday.他已经度过假了
Has she had a haircut？她已经理过发了吗？
She has had a haircut她已经理过发了。
（7）课文例子：一般过去式和现在完成时的对比
I have just had a cup.我刚刚喝了一杯。（现在完成时，以现在为基准说的话）
I had one after my lunch.我午饭时，喝了一杯。（一般过去式，我说我过去做了什么事）
4.祈使句（复习）
概念：表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句，一般为面对面。
主语：祈使句的主语you常不出现
动词：原形
标点：句末感叹号/句号
读法：降调
Come in. 进来吧。
Have a cup of tea then. 那么喝杯咖啡吧。
Let’s go into the living-room, Carol. 我们到客厅里去吧，卡罗尔。
5.be going to：打算（复习37课）
We are going to leave tomorrow. 明天我们就要走了。
6.课后练习B（现在完成时的否定，just的用法）
1 He hasn’t had any beans.他到现在都没吃任何豆子
He’s just had some peas.他刚吃了一些豌豆
2 They haven’t had any tea.他们没喝茶。
They’ve just had some coffee.他们刚喝了一些咖啡。
3 I haven’t had any apples.我没吃任何苹果
I’ve just had some peaches.我刚吃了一些桃子
4 I haven’t had any cabbage.我没吃任何白菜
I’ve just had some lettuce.我刚吃了一些生菜。
5 She hasn’t had any beer.她没吃任何啤酒。
She’s just had some wine.她刚喝了一些红酒
6 He hasn’t had any lamb.他没吃羊羔肉
He’s just had some beef.他刚吃了一些牛肉
7 They haven’t had any tea.他们没喝茶
They’ve just had some milk.他们刚喝了一些牛奶。
8 She hasn’t had any meat.她没有吃任何肉
She’s just had some vegetables.她刚吃了一些蔬菜
9 I haven’t had any chicken.我没吃任何鸡肉
I’ve just had some steak.我刚吃了一些牛排
10 They haven’t had any bananas.他们没吃香蕉
They’ve just had some oranges.他们刚吃了一些橘子
Lesson85~86
1.漂亮的区别（等级/对象）
beautiful 漂亮的
nice 人/物漂亮
smart 某人因为时尚而漂亮
lovely 因为可爱而漂亮
good-looking 男/女外表好看的
gorgeous 雍容华贵，特别特别特别漂亮的那种意思。
2.never从来没有（时态使用）
（1）一般现在
He never gets up early.他从来都不早起
She is never late.她从来都不迟到
（2）现在完成的否定
I have never… 我从来没有…
She has never… 她从来没有…
I have never left.我从未离开
（3）短语中
Never give up！永不放弃
Never fear！永不害怕
Never mind！别放在心上，没事！
3.ever在任何时候
ever用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句
（1）总是（always）
Honesty ever pays.诚实总有回报
（2）一般过去（疑问句中）
Did you ever see such a man？
（3）现在完成（疑问句中）
Have you ever…？
Have you ever been there, Ken? 肯，你去过吗?
（4）否定句
Don’t ever do it！=Never do it！
4.现在完成时been（be变形）
（1）主语+have/has+ been + 非动词
He is there.他在那（一般现在时）
He has been there.他已经在那了（现在完成时，由上一句改写而来）
He has always been a good student.他一直以来都是个好学生。
I have been busy.我一直都很忙。
（2）have been与have gone的区别（都是“去”）
been to去过，现在不在那（强调对现在的影响）
gone to去了，现在在那/正在去那（强调现在）
George has been to Paris. 乔治已经去过巴黎。(他现在不在巴黎，影响现在)
George has gone to Paris. 乔治已经去巴黎了。(他在巴黎或去巴黎的路上，现在)
Have you ever been to America? 你去过美国吗?(对方不在美国境内，影响现在)
Yes, I have been to Japan twice.是的，我去过美国两次。（现在不在美国，现在）
Have you gone to America? 你去美国了吗?（你在美国/去美国的路上，影响现在）
Where is Jim？He has gone to England.他去英国了（他在英国/路上，现在）
Where have you been？I have been to the cinema你都去过哪儿？我去过电影院。
去过，现在不在，强调影响
（3）been to和been的区别（区别：后面词的词性）
句型：Have you ever been to + 地点？
Have you ever been there？你有没有去过哪儿？
（there是副词，可以直接修饰动词be，been不用+to就可以用）
Have you just been to the cinema？你刚刚有没有去过电影院？
（cinema是名词，需要介词to）
例子：
go to school（school是名词）
go home（home是副词）
I heard the Great Wall is a very exciting place. But I have never been there.
我曾经听说过长城是个非常令人兴奋的地方，但我还没去过那。
（没去过，强调不在那，强调在影响现在）
5.现在完成&一般过去（对比）
（1）怎么用？（结构）
现在完成：主语+have（has）+done
一般过去：主语+was/were/did
（2）用在哪儿？（用法）
现在完成：过去发生，影响现在
一般过去：过去发生，与现在无关
（3）时间状语怎么加？
现在完成（含糊的）：just, already, before, never, ever, yet.
一般过去（具体的）：yesterday,last.+时间段，时间段+ago, just now
（4）语用功能（在具体的谈话过程中是什么作用）
现在完成：引起话题
一般过去：具体谈论
【引起话题】：（现在完成时）
Have you ever…？（made a foreign friend\cheated on exams\loved a girl）
你有没有过…？（交外国朋友、考试作弊、跟女孩子谈过恋爱）
回答：Yes, I have./No, I have never
（回答有，用一般过去式继续问）
（回答没有，在后面95-96课有一般将来时提问）
【具体问题】：（一般过去式）
When did you…？
Where did you…？
What did you…？
How did you…？
Who did you…？
具体例子：
Have you ever girlfriend？你有没有过女朋友？（现在完成时，引起话题）
When did you make your girlfriend？你什么时候交的女朋友？（一般过去式，具体谈论）
Where did you kiss her？你在哪儿亲她的？（一般过去式）
How did you kiss her？你是怎么亲她的？（一般过去式）
（5）两个时态对比的例子
I went to Britain last year.我去年去了英国。（一般过去，描述过去具体时间发生的事情）
过去发生，与现在无关
I have been to Britain.我已经去过英国啦！（现在完成，和现在有关联）
过去发生，影响现在（我对英国更熟悉了）
He wrote a book last month.他上个月写了一本书（一般过去）
过去发生，与现在无关。
He has written five books.他到现在为止写了五本书了！（现在完成）
过去发生，影响现在（“到现在为止”）
I saw the film on TV at home last night.我昨天晚上在电视上看了电影。（一般过去）
具体时间，过去发生与现在无关
It has been dry for a long time.它已经干了很久了。（现在完成时）
干的状态持续到现在，过去发生，影响现在。
Where did you go last weekend？上周末你去哪儿啦？
Nowhere. I was at home.没去哪儿，我在家呢。
一般过去，过去发生，与现在无关
6.课后练习
A.现在完成/一般过去（注意just和already，一般有就是完成时）
1 She has just boiled an egg.她刚刚煮了一个鸡蛋
3 She has never been to China, but he was there in 1992.
她从没有去过中国，但他在1992年就在那儿了。
4 He has already painted that bookcase.他已经上完书架的油漆了。
7 He has just dusted the cupboard.他刚刚已经打扫完碗柜了。
B
1 I’ve already cleaned my shoes.我已经洗好鞋了。
I cleaned my shoes last night.我昨天洗了鞋子
2 I’ve already opened the window.我已经打开窗户了。
I opened the window an hour ago.我一小时前打开窗户了。
3 I’ve already sharpened my pencil.我已经削好我的铅笔
I sharpened my pencil a minute ago.我一分钟前削好了我的铅笔。
4 I’ve already turned on the television.我已经开了电视。
I turned on the television ten minutes ago.我一分钟前开了电视。
5 I’ve already boiled the milk.我已经煮了牛奶
I boiled the milk yesterday morning.我昨天早上煮了牛奶
6 I’ve already emptied the basket.我已经清空了篮子
I emptied the basket yesterday.我昨天清空了篮子
7 I’ve already asked a question.我已经问了个问题
I asked a question two minutes ago.我两分钟前问了个问题
8 I’ve already typed that letter.我已经打好信了。
I typed that letter this morning.我早上打好信了。
9 I’ve already washed my hands.我已经洗手了。
I washed my hands five minutes ago.我五分钟前洗手了
10 I’ve already walked across the park.我已经穿过公园了
I walked across the park an hour ago.我一小时前穿过公园了
11 I’ve already painted that bookcase.我已经对那个书架上了油漆
I painted that bookcase a year ago.我一年前对那个书架上了油漆
12 I’ve already dusted the cupboard.我已经打扫了那个碗柜
I dusted the cupboard this afternoon.我下午打扫了那个碗柜
Lesson87~88
1.bring/take/fetch/carry区别
（1）单词的意思
bring：v带来，送来（bring是带来到这里）
take：v带走，（take是从那里带走）
fetch，取（去了再回来）
carry，随身携（走哪带哪）
（2）词组
bring sth./sb. to：带来 某物到某地
take sth./sb. to：带走 某物到某地
（3）例句
Please bring your new book to me.请把你的新书带来给我（带来bring）
I am going to take this pen to her.我准备带走这支钢笔给他（带走take）
May I bring my boyfriend here next time？下次我能带男朋友到这里来吗？（带来bring）
The young man takes flowers for the girl every day.年轻男人每天带花给女孩（take）
2.try：v努力，设法
（1）try to…努力去做
They are trying to finish it.他们正在努力去完成它
（2）try one’s best to…尽某人最大的努力（one’s=my/his/her/our/their）
He tried his best to study English他尽力去学英语。
3.yet
在哪儿用？ 一般现在/现在完成的（否定/疑问句）
（1）意思1：到现在为止（中文翻译为：了）
Is my car….yet？我的车修好了吗？
Have…. finished yet？完成了吗？
（2）意思2：还，仍
He is not ready to quit yet.他还没准备好辞职。
I haven’t really got into my new job yet.我还没习惯我的新工作
Not yet.还没呢！
I can’t decide yet.……我还不能决定。
4.have a *
看一看：have a look
试一试：have a try
尝一尝：have a taste
I want to have a look at your new car.我想看一看你的新车。
Can I have a taste of your cheese？我可以尝一尝你的奶酪吗？
5.现在完成/一般过去的对比（复习）
现在完成：过去发生，立足现在（描述状态）
一般过去：过去发生，无关现在（描述事情）
He has got married.他已经结婚了。（强调他现在已婚的状态，现在完成）
He got married in2010.他2010年结的婚。（强调过去结婚的这个事情，一般过去）
I have graduated.我毕业了。（强调我现在毕业的状态，现在完成）
I graduated in2006.我2006年毕业的。（强调过去毕业的这个事情，一般过去）
I have finished Book1.我学完一册了。（强调我学完一册了这个状态，现在完成）
I finished Book1 last week我上周学完一册的（强调过去学完的这个事情，一般过去）
I have been to New York我去过纽约。（我已经去过纽约的状态，现在完成）
I went to New York in 2010.我在2010年去的纽约（描述过去的事情，一般过去）
Have you copied the text yet？你现在抄完这段文字了吗？（询问现在的状态，现在完成）
Yes, we did it two hours ago.抄完了，我在两小时之前抄完的（描述过去事情，一般过去）
My mother made me a new coat yesterday.我妈昨天给我做外套（描述过去，一般过去）
I have tried it on. It fits me well.我穿上了，挺合适的（描述状态，现在完成）
6.常见不规则过去分词（总结）
do原形-did过去式-done过去分词
（1）原形=过去（不变）
read- read- read读
cut-cut-cut切，割
let-let-let让
put-put-put放
cost- cost-cost花费，值
set-set-set落下、安置
hurt-hurt-hurt使。伤痛
（2）w变ew变own/awn
fly-flew-fown飞
draw-drew-drawn画
grow-grew-grown生长
know-knew-known知道
（3）i-a-u（单元音->单元音）
begin-began-begun开始
drink- drank- drunk喝
sing- sang-sung唱
swim-swam-swum游泳
ring-rang-rung打电话
（4）过去式/过去分词都一样
feel-felt感觉
keep-kept保持
leave-left离开
sleep- slept睡觉
sweep-swept打扫
（5）过去式/过去分词也一样（atch- aught有点特殊，单独弄出来）
catch- caught捉，抓
teach-taught教
（6）过去式/过去分词一样
meet-met遇见
get-got得到
hold- held举行
sit-sat坐
win-won赢
（7） 过去式/过去分词一样
build-built建造
send- sent送寄
spend- spent花费
make-made制造
hear- heard听见
7.have been/gone（复习）
been to去过，现在不在那（强调对现在的影响）
gone to去了，现在在那/正在去那（强调现在）
（1）
Sam：Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren’t they？Where have they gone？
Sally和Tim去度假了是吧？他们去哪儿了？（去哪儿？强调现在，gone）
Sue：To Florida, again.又去佛罗里达了。
Sam：How many times have they been there？他们去过几次？
（去过几次，强调过去对现在的影响，用been）
Sue：This is their third visit.算上这次第三次了
（2）
Harry：I saw you in Annabel’s Restaurant last night.我昨天在**餐厅见到你了。
（具体时间，一般过去）
Diana：No, it wasn’t me.I have never been there不是我，我从来都没去那。
（没去，强调对现在的影响，用been）
（3）
Alan：Where’s Tony？tony在哪儿？
Mary：He’s got a headache so he has gone to bed.他头痛，所以他睡觉去了。
（他睡觉，强调现在。用gone）
（4）
Steve：Can I speak to Jill, please？请问我能跟jill说句话吗？
Lynn：She’s out, I’m afraid.She has gone to the cinema this evening.
恐怕她出去了，她今天晚上去看电影了。
（她在看电影，强调现在，用gone。）
8.反问句（复习）
一般疑问句的否定形式+问号，表期待、请求或希望得到肯定的答复。
Isn’t that your car? 这难道不是您的车吗?
Didn’t you have a crash? 难道您没有出车祸吗?
9.课后练习
A（一般过去的复习）
1 Did he find his pen a minute ago?一分钟他前找到他的笔了吗？
He didn’t find his pen a minute ago.一分钟前他没有找到他的笔
2 Did he get a new television last week?上周他有新电视吗？
He didn’t get a new television last week.他上周没有新电视
3 Did you hear the news on the radio?他在收音机听到这个新闻了吗？
We didn’t hear the news on the radio.我们没有在收音机听到这个新闻
4 Did they leave this morning?他们早上走了吗？
They didn’t leave this morning.他们早上没走
5 Did he lose his umbrella yesterday?昨天他丢了雨伞吗？
He didn’t lose his umbrella yesterday.他昨天没丢雨伞
6 Did you sweep the floor this morning?你早上扫地了吗？
I didn’t sweep the floor this morning.我早上没扫地
B（现在完成引出话题，一般完成结束话题）
1 Has he met Mrs. Jones yet?他到目前为止，见到琼斯先生了吗？
Yes, he has already met Mrs. Jones.他已经见到了
When did he meet Mrs. Jones?他什么时候见到的？
He met her two weeks ago.两周前吧。
2 Has the boss left yet?到现在为止，老板走了没？
Yes, the boss has already left.老板已经走了
When did the boss leave?他啥时候走的？
He left ten minutes ago.十分钟前吧
3 Has he had breakfast yet?（到目前为止，）他吃早餐了没
Yes, he has already had breakfast.他已经吃完了
When did he have breakfast?啥时候吃的？
He had breakfast at half past seven.七点半吃的
4 Has she found her pen yet?她找到她钢笔了没？
Yes, she has already found her pen.已经找到了
When did she find her pen?啥时候找到的？
She found her pen an hour ago.一小时前
5 Has he got a television yet?他拿到新电视了吗？
Yes, he has already got a television.他已经拿到了
When did he get a television?啥时候？
He got a television two weeks ago.两周前
6 Has she heard the news yet?她听到这个消息了吗？
Yes, she has already heard the news.她听到了
When did she hear the news?啥时候？
She heard the news yesterday.昨天吧
7 Has she made the bed yet?她铺好床了吗？
Yes, she has already made the bed.铺好了
When did she make the bed?啥时候
She made the bed this morning.早上
8 Has he sent the letter yet?他寄出那封信了吗？
Yes, he has already sent the letter.寄出了
When did he send the letter?啥时候
He sent the letter the day before yesterday昨天之前吧
9 Has she swept the floor yet?她扫地了吗
Yes, she has already swept the floor.扫了
When did she sweep the floor?啥时候
She swept the floor yesterday morning.昨天早上
10 Has she told him the truth yet?她跟他说真相了吗？
Yes, she has already told him the truth.已经说了
When did she tell him the truth?啥时候
She told him the truth last night.昨晚
Lesson89~90
1. 表达观点的词语（写作可以多用！！！用多个方法引出观点）
believe：相信、认为
think：认为
feel：感觉、认为
hold：握住、坚持认为
consider：考虑、认为
2.how long多久
how long：询问时间长短/物体长度
How long have you lived here? 您在这里住了多长时间?
How long are you going to stay here？你准备在这里呆多久？
How long does this train stop at Baoding？这火车在保定会停多久？
3.because：因为
（1）because of + n.名词/pron.代词
Because of you，I try my hardest just to forget everything.
因为你，我尽我最大的努力只是为了忘记一切。
Because of the weather, I’m not going to swim.因为这天气，我不能去游泳了！
（2）because+从句（原因状语从句）
I bought the house because it was large.我买了个房子，因为它很大
I said sorry because I hurt him.我说对不起因为我伤害了他。
4.花费的一系列词用法（时间和金钱）
（1）用法分类（先主语，后宾语）
主语是人+spend
主语是物+cost/take
a.宾语是金钱的用cost：sth. costs（sb.）+金钱
b.宾语是时间的用take：sth. takes（sb.）+时间
例子：
This shirt costs me ￥300.这件体恤衫花了我300元（主语是物）
I spend ￥300 to buy this shirt.我花300元买了这件体恤衫。（主语是人）
This journey takes two hours.这段旅程得用两小时。（主语物，宾语时间用take）
This pair of shoes costs me 30 pounds.这双鞋30镑。（主语物，宾语金钱用cost）
（2）spend的具体用法
PS：spend的句子与五步法的顺序不同，因为spend后面加时间，正常来说，时间放最后
（五步法）：谁=>干了什么=>如何干的=>在哪干的=>何时干的
a.
spend+时间+地点
He spent two weeks in New York.他在纽约度过了两周的时间。
He spent twenty years in Beijing.他在北京度过了20年的时光。
b.
spend+时间+ with sb.
He spend his holiday with his girlfriend.他和他的女朋友一起度假
She spent her weekend with her boyfriend.她和男朋友一起度过了周末。
c.
spend+钱+ on sth./sb.
She spend all her money on cosmetics.她把所有的钱都花在买化妆品上了。
He spent all his money on books.他把所有的钱都用来买书了。
（3）be+ worth价值（它其实是介词！）
The apartment is worth three million now.这套房子现在值300万。
How is your car worth？你的车值多少钱啊？
It’s worth the money.就值这个钱。
（4）例子
Digital cameras are popular, but some still cost too much.（主语物，宾语钱，用cost）
Michael often spends his weekends with his grandparents.（主语人，用spend，三单）
It takes you 15 minutes to go there by bus.（主语物，宾语时间，用take）
She spends all her money on clothing.（主语人，用spend，三单）
We spend a pleasant hour with our friends.（主语人，用spend）
Your MP3 is so nice. How much is it？It’s worth￥500.（前面有动词is了，只能用介词）
How much do you spend to buy this house？（主语人，用spend）
How much does this house cost? 这座房子卖多少钱?（主语物，宾语钱，用cost）
How much is the house worth？这个房子值多少钱？（be+worth）
5.数字读法（总结）
百：hundred
千：thousand
万：ten thousand
十万：one hundred thousand
百万：million
e.g.
892：eight hundred and ninety -two
6，734：six thousand seven hundred and thirty-four
35，210：thirty-five thousand two hundred and ten
68，500：sixty-eight thousand five hundred
6.歇后语（本课）
（1）It’s worth every penny of it.一分价钱一分货。
（2）Women always have the last word女人总是最后说了算。
have the last word：说了算，最后拍板。
My mom has the last word in my family我们家我妈说了算。
7.现在完成时的用法2
（1）用法1、2对比
用法1：过去发生，影响现在===》已完成
用法2：过去发生，持续到现在===》未完成
I have finished Book1.我已经完成了第一册的学习（完成了）
She has lived in Beijing for ten year.她住在北京十年了（未完成）
（2）时间状语（判断已完成未完成，主要就是看时间）
完成：just, already, before, never, ever, yet..
持续：since,for
a.
since+时间点（开始的时间）
since 1976, 从 1976年起。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年他就住这了。
She has been in Beijing since 2004.他从2004年开始就在北京了。
b.
since+n.（一个标志性事件）
She hasn’t been out since the accident.自从她发生意外后就再也没出去过了。
c.
for+ 一段时间（持续的时间）
She has studied English for ten years.她学英语已经长达十年之久了。
（3）例子
Have you shown him around the museum yet？Yes. We had a great time there.
你有带它去博物馆转一转吗？有的，我们在哪儿度过了一段很棒的时光。
So far this year we have seen a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
今年到目前为止，我们已经看到房价下降五到十个百分点。
8.课后练习
A
1 Did the sun set at twenty past seven?七点二十分日落的吗？
The sun didn’t set at twenty past seven.不是
2 Did he eat his lunch at one o’clock?他吃午餐在一点吗？
He didn’t eat his lunch at one o’clock.他不是
3 Did they do their homework last night?他们昨晚做作业了吗？
They didn’t do their homework last night.没有
4 Did he come by car this morning?他早上坐车过来了吗？
He didn’t come by car this morning.他没有
5 Did the sun rise at half past five?太阳五点半升起来了吗？
The sun didn’t rise at half past five.没有
6 Did you swim across the river yesterday?你们昨天游过河了吗？
We didn’t swim across the river yesterday.我们没有
Lesson91~92
1.stil：adv还，仍旧
句中位置：情系后，实义前
He is still there.他依然在这里（系动词后）
I still stay in Beijing.我依旧待在北京（实意动词前）
2.move：v.搬家
（1）move to：搬到
She moved to New York last year.她去年搬到纽约了。
（2）move into：搬进去
He has moved into the house他搬进去这房子了。
3.people：n.人们（没有复数形式）
（1）谓语动词用复数
There were many people in the classroom.有很多人在教室里
（2）泛指人们
People do not know the value of health till they lose it.
直到失去健康，人们才知道健康的可贵。
（3）the people=人民
My duty is to serve the people.我的职责就是为人民服务
4.have always been一直以来（85课have been的新用法+复习）
句型结构：主语+ have/has+been+非动词
She has always been pretty.她一直以来都很漂亮。
My mother has always been in Beijing.我妈妈一直都在北京。
He has always been a good student.他一直以来都是好学生。
5.中英文的YSE/NO区别（对于了解英文对话有很大帮助！！！）
课文对话：He didn’t want to leave this house.他不想离开这个房子
No, he didn’t want to leave.是啊！可不是嘛！
（1）对Y/N的解读
NO，怎么翻译成“是啊”？在这里，中文是主观的，英文是客观的
中文的“是啊”，是我同意你之前的看法，是“我”同意。
英文的“NO”，是客观上的，他确实“不”想离开这个房子。
（2）例子
Jim didn’t love Sara, did he？jim不爱sara吗？
No, he didn’t.是的，不爱。
英文：NO，是“不爱”的这个客观事实
中文：是的，是我“认同”你“觉得他不爱了的”的主观看法
Yes, he did.不是，很爱的。
英文：YES，是“爱”的这个客观事实
中文：不是，是对于我“不认同”你的主观看法
6.一般将来时（will/shall是助动词，无意义不翻译）
#一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作、状态以及打算
（1）will形式（表达意愿）
构成1：主语+will/shall+v.动词原形
构成2：主语+will/shall+be+非动词
疑问：will提前
否定：will+not
He will come on time.他会准时来的。（come原形）
Will he come on time？他会准时来吗？（will提前）
The woman will talk for hours about nothing.那个女人将胡说上几个小时。（talk原形）
Will the woman talk for hours about nothing？那个女人将胡说几个小时吗？（will提前）
He will show his true colors someday.他总有一天会现出原形的。（show原形）
Will he show his true colors someday？他总有一天会现出原形吗？（will提前）
You will be late.你会迟到的。（late是形容词，非动词，用will be）
You will not be late.（will助动词+not否定）
The speaker will be our old friend, John.演讲者将是我们的老朋友约翰。
The speaker will not be our old friend, John（will助动词+not否定）
Her sublimate future husband will be tall, dark and handsome.（tall非动词，will be）
她理想化的未来丈夫将是身材高大，皮肤浅黑，相貌英俊。
Her sublimate future husband will not be tall，dark, and handsome（will+not否定）
（2）be going to（表达客观、马上、预先计划）
a.主语+be going to+v.动词原形
b.主语+be going to+be+非动词
Look at the black clouds！It’s going to rain.（下雨，客观现象）
Look！Jim is going to fall into the river！（快掉进河了，马上现象）
They are going to get material for the new book.（准备材料，预先计划）
She is going to travel by air. 她打算乘飞机旅行。（预先计划）
（3）will/shall的区别
will可用于所有人称，表达意愿
shall仅用于第一人称I和we，表达责任或决心。
否定的缩写：
shan’t =shall not
won’t =will not
I shan’t leave tonight. I’ll leave tomorrow. 今天夜里我不走。我将于明天离开。
They won’t go to London this weekend. 这个周末他们不去伦敦。
（4）将来时：时间状语
a.今/明/后天
今天：this morning/afternoon/evening今天上午/下午/晚上
tonight今夜
明天：tomorrow morning/ afternoon/evening明天上午/下午/晚上
后天：the day after tomorrow后天
the night after next后天夜里
b.以现在为锚定：this/next+时间段
this week(这周)
next week (下周)
the week after next(下下周)
this month(本月)
next month(下个月)
the month after next(下下个月)
this year(今年)
next year(明年)
the year after next(后年).
http://c.in
c1.
in+时间段+time=在（时间段）的时间里
in one minute’s time在1分钟之后的时间里
in five minutes’time在5分钟之后的时间里
in a day’s time(在一天的时间里)
in two days’ time(在两天的时间里)
in two weeks’ time(在两周的时间里)
in three months’ time(在3个月的时间里)
in a year’s time(在一年的时间里)
in three years’ time(在三年的时间里)
c2.
in+时间段，之后（不+time）
in five minutes 5分钟之后
in two days两天之后
in three years 三年之后
d.完全不定时
in the future（将来）
from now on（从现在起）
注：一般过去时中通常会用last一词，而不是next.
（5）一般过去式和一般将来时的转化
He made a bookcase yesterday.他昨天做了个书柜
He will make a bookcase tomorrow.（will+make变原形）
I had a haircut yesterday.我昨天剪了个头发
I will have a haircut tomorrow.（will+have变原形）
She swept the floor yesterday.她昨天扫地了。
She will sweep the floor tomorrow.（will+sweep变原形）
It snowed yesterday.昨天下雪了。
It will snow tomorrow.（will+snow变原形）
I telephoned him yesterday.我昨天打电话给他了
I will telephone him tomorrow.（will+telephone变原形）
He got up early yesterday他昨天起得早
He will get up early tomorrow（will+get变原形）
They drove to London yesterday他们昨天开车去了伦敦。
They will drive to London tomorrow.（will+drive变原形）
7.all/both的区别
all，大家，全部（指3个或3个以上的人或物）
both，两个人或物
We’ll all miss him. 我们大家都会想念他的。
They have both behaved very badly.他们俩都很不友善。
8.课后练习A
1 He’ll arrive tomorrow morning.他将在明天早上到达。
2 She’ll come this evening.她将在晚上来这
3 It’ll snow tonight.今晚将要下雪
4 He’ll not believe me.他将来不会信任我。
Lesson93~94
1. return用法
（1）go back 人的返回，回去
return from从…返回（潜台词：回到这里。）
return to返回到
He will go back from New York next month.
=he will return from New York next month.他下个月将从纽约回来。
She will go back to China next week
=She will return to China next week.她下周将返回中国
（2）send back 物的返回，送回去
I am going to return the books.我打算去还书。
He will return me my money next week.他下周要还我钱。
He will return the coat he bought yesterday.他要把昨天买的外套退了。
You cannot return things you have bought.你没法退掉你已经买的东西。
（3）give in exchange 人与人之间的交互，给出交互
She is only one, but she is clever to return goodbye.她才一岁，但已经聪明到打招呼了。
They are going to return the visit next week.他们准备下周去回访。
（4）PS：词缀re-，do sth. again
redo：重做
rewrite：重写
remarry：再婚
review：复习
2.fly：飞行
（1）时态变化
fly-flew-flown
（2）词组
fly from，从…飞回（潜台词：回到这里）
fly to 飞到…
He will fly from New York next week.下周他将从纽约飞回来。
She will fly to China next month.下个月她将飞回中国。
3.课文某句精读
He’s only forty-one years old,
and he has already been to nearly every country in the world.
他只是四十一岁，但已经几乎去过世界上每一个国家。
（1）年龄的表达（有横，不用s）
41岁：forty-one year-old=forty-one years old
（2）几乎nearly
nearly every city in China全国几乎每个城市
nearly every place in Beijing全北京几乎每个的地方
4.并列句
#句子的种类：1.简单句、2.并列句、3.复合句
（1）结构：简单句+ and\but\so+简单句
He loves me and I am happy.
He loves me but I am not happy.
He loves me so I am happy.
（2）连接词
and，but，so，or，
not only… but also…不仅…而且…
（3）并列句的功能
在一句话中表达更多信息，同时更有逻辑。
前后句没有主次之分，能分别使用时态。
5.时态大复习
（1）课文仿写（熟练使用时态，本课是时态综合）
Zhang Yishan is our new next-door neighbor.张一山是我们新搬来的隔壁邻居(一般现在)
He is an actor.他是个演员。（一般现在）
He was in No 55 middle school in Beijing.他曾在北京五十五中学读书。（一般过去）
He will fly to ShanDong.下个月他将飞往山东。（一般将来）
The month after next he will fly to Hong Kong.再下个月他将飞往香港。（一般将来）
At the moment, he is in Shanghai.现在他在上海。（一般现在）
He flew to shanghai a week ago.他是一星期以前飞到上海的。（一般过去）
He will return to Beijing the week after next.再下个星期他将返回北京。（一般将来）
He is only twenty-one years old，他只有21岁，（一般现在）
and he has been to nearly every place in China.但几乎去过中国的每个地方（现在完成）
He is a very lucky man，张一山是个很走运的人。（一般现在）
but his father isn’t very lucky.但他的爸爸运气不是很好。（一般现在）
He a usually stays in Beijing.他总是待在北京。（一般现在）
（2）时态
The pilot flew to Shanghai last Thursday.（一般过去）
这飞行员上周二飞去上海了。
When did Sam go to Seoul？He went there the year before last.（一般过去）
sam什么时候去首尔的？他前年去的。
Who is Jerry Cooper？谁是Jerry Cooper？
Haven’t you met him yet？（有yet，用现在完成）你还没见过他吗？
I saw you talking with him at the meeting.我看到你和他在会上说话了。
Turn on the television or open a magazine
and you will ofter see advertisements showing happy families.
打开电视或杂志，你将会经常看到开心家庭的广告。
I hear Jane has gone to the holy island for her holiday.
Oh, how nice！Do you know when she left？（具体谈论，用一般过去）
我听到简在假期里已经去了霍利岛
哦，真好！你知道她什么时候走的吗？
6.时间省略
after next 表示“下下个”
the month after next（month）再下下个月（括号内避免重复，所以不显示）
the week after next（week ）下下个星期
7.课后练习
A
1 He will go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约
2 She will go to Sydney next month.她下个月要去悉尼
3 I will go to Paris the year after next.我后年要去巴黎
4 We will go to Stockholm next year.我们明年要去斯德哥尔摩
5 They will go to Geneva the week after next.他们后一周要去日内瓦
B
1 No, Helen won’t return to Geneva next year. She’ll return to Bombay.
她明年不是回日内瓦，她是回孟买
2 No, I won’t fly to London tomorrow. I’ll fly to Geneva.
我明天不是飞去伦敦，我是飞去日内瓦
3 No, Tom and I won’t go to Madrid next year. We’ll go to London.
tom和我不是去马德里，我们是去伦敦
4 No, Tom won’t arrive from Moscow next month. He’ll arrive from Madrid.
tom下个月不是从莫斯科来的，他是从马德里来的。
5 No, Carol and Helen won’t stay in New York next month. They’ll stay in Moscow.
下个月carol和helen不是待在纽约，他们待在莫斯科
Lesson95~96
**1.plenty：n.**大量
（1）用于肯定句
（2）plenty of+可数/不可数名词
plenty of time
plenty of eggs
（3）谓语动词一致（plenty不改变单复数形式，单复数依旧依赖于所描述的事物）
There is plenty of room for everyone.有大量空间给每个人。（room空间不可数）
There are plenty of rooms for everyone.有大量房间给每个人。（room房间可数）
2.买票
课文：Two return tickets to London,please.
to，开往表示方向
Three return tickets to Guangzhou.来三张去广州的往返票。
One single ticket to Xi’an.来一张去西安的单程票。
3.what time/when区别
what time不完全等于when
What time…？询问具体几点。
when…？比较大概的时间。
4.next door to.隔壁（复习）
There is a restaurant next door to the park.公园的隔壁有家餐馆。
There is a hospital next door to the school.学校的隔壁有家医院。
5.快了/慢了多少分钟，时间段+slow/fast
ten minutes slow, 慢 10分钟
ten minutes fast, 快 10分钟。
That clock is ten minutes slow.那钟慢了10分钟。
My watch is five minutes slow.我的手表慢了5分钟
The clock is five minutes fast.那钟快了5分钟。
6.情态动词（复习+新学had better）
（1）复习must/may/can
A.没有人称和单复数的变化
I can
You can
He can
They can
We can
B.+动词原形
You can do it.
He can repair the car.
C.疑问，提前
Can you repair it？
D.否定，+not
You can’t repair the car.
（2）had better=最好
#1 用来提建议，但不是很客气（长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的语气）
#2 had better表示现在时或将来时，而不是过去时。
#3 had better他不是过去式，本来就是长这样
A. 一样的没有形态变化
You had better…
He had better…
They had better..
B.had better+v.动词原形
You had better give her a way out
We had better come home before 6:00
We had better wait for her.
C.疑问，had提前
Had you better give her a way out？
Had we better come home before 6:00？
Had we better wait for her？
D.否定，had better not
You had better not give her a way out.
We had better not come home before 6:00.
We had better not wait for her
（3）had better与 must对比
had better表“最好”，有点婉转
must则表示“必须”、“一定”，语气比 had better强烈。
（4）例子
a.
He has a bad cold.他得了重感冒。
#应该做的
1）He had better take some medicine.
2）He had better see the doctor.
3）He had better stay at home
4）He had better drink some boiled water.
#不应该做的
1）He had better not go to work.
2）He had better not go to school.
3）He had better not eat rich food.
4）He had better not drink cold water.
b.语气不好（指挥他人的感觉）
You had better go to the Palace Museum this afternoon下午你最好去故宫。
You had better pay the money by the end of the month.月底前你最好把钱付上。
c.
You’d better finish your homework right now.（动词原形用finish）
It’s too far. You’d better take a taxi.
We had better not drink dirty water.
7.一般将来时的语用功能（在具体的谈话过程中是什么作用）（复习+新学）
现在完成：引起话题
一般过去or一般将来：具体谈论
引起话题：（现在完成时） Have you ever…？（made a foreign friend\ cheated on exams\ loved a girl） 你有没有过…？
回答： Yes, I have./No, I have never（回答有，下面那些才能继续问）
（1）回答Yes：具体问题：（一般过去式，问过去经历）
When did you…？
Where did you…？
What did you…？
How did you…？
Who did you…？
（2）回答No：具体问题：（一般将来式，问未来意愿）
When will you…？
Where will you…？
What will you…？
How will you…？
Who will you…？
8.提建议的方式
（1）You’d better…你最好…
You’d better stay in bed.
（2）advise sb to do我给你提个建议
I advise you to stay in bed
（3）Why not +v？何不…？（三个中最委婉的，其他两个都偏强硬了）
Why not stay in bed？
9.课后练习
A（had better）
1 I had better stay here.我最好待在这
2 We had better wait for him.我们最好在这里等他
3 You had better call a doctor.你最好叫医生
4 They had better go home.他们最好回家
5 She had better hurry.她最好快点
6 You had better be careful.你最好小心点
B（in+时间段’s+time）
1 I’ll go to Sydney in a month’s time.我未来一个月会去悉尼
2 The next train will leave for Geneva in an hour’s time.下班火车在一个小时内去日内瓦
3 I’ll fly to Beijing in two days’ time.我两天内飞去北京
4 Jean and I will go to London in an hour’s time.我和jean一小时内就要去伦敦了
Lesson97~98
1. leave：leave-left-left
A.离开
He has left Beijing.他已经离开北京了
Don’t forget to give me the room key before you leave the hotel.离开前别忘记给我钥匙
B.遗留、落
I left my bag on the train.我落下我的包在火车上
Please leave the door open请你留个门。
I left my wallet on the train to Zhengzhou.我把钱包落在了去郑州的火车上
2. belong：V.属于
A. belong-belonged
B. belong to me/her/him/them/us（宾语）
That dictionary belongs to me.这个词典是我的
Does the house belong to you？这个房子是你的吗？
What party do you belong to？你属于那个帮派？
3.多个形容词的顺序（还是有点重要的）
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍和材料。
限定词：the,this,that, my, your,one,two
描绘：beautiful, cold, pretty, good
形状：round, square
材料：wooden, stone, leather
例子：
a small（大小）blue（颜色）case一个蓝色的小箱子
a small（大小）round（形状）British（国籍）coin一枚小的圆形英国硬币
a beautiful（描绘）new（新老）black（颜色）Italian（国籍）leather（材料）jacket
一件崭新而漂亮的意大利黑皮夹克
This pretty（描绘）little（年龄）Spanish（国籍）girl is Linda’ s cousin.
这个漂亮西班牙小女孩是琳达的表姐。
4.the other +时间（一般用于过去时）
the other day表“几天前”。
the other morning/afternoon/evening/night(几天前的上午/下午/晚上/夜里)
the other week/ month/ year(几周/月/年前)
I left a suitcase on the train to London the other day.
几天前我把一只手提箱忘在开往伦敦的火车上了。
5.with的用法
On the handle with my name and address on it.上面写有我的名字和地址
There is a label on the box with the price on it.盒子上有个标签，上面标着价格。
There is a label on the T-shirt with the size on it.T恤衫上有个标签，上面标着尺码。
I gave him a card with my address on it.我给他一张卡片，上面写着我的地址
He passed me a note book with his diary in it.他递给了我一本笔记，里面是他的日记
He gave me a piece of paper with his phone number on it.他给我一张写着他电话的纸条
6.名词性物主代词（复习+新学）
（1）复习
物主代词-形容词性-名词性
我的-my-mine
你的-your-yours
他的-his-his
她的-her-hers
我们的-our-ours
你们的-your-yours
他们的-their-theirs
（2）形容词性/名词性的区别
a.形容词性物主代词+n，作定语（修饰名词的叫定语）
b.名词性物主代词可以作主语、表语、宾语
It is my address
The address is mine（表语）
This is her car.
The car is hers（表语）
My coat is green.
Mine is brown（主语）
These are their names.
These names are theirs（表语）
This is our address in Beijing
This address in Beijing is ours.（表语）
This is your air ticket to London
Yours is to London, too.（主语）
（3）物主代词& belong to
These are their keys to the car.
These keys to the car are theirs.（表语）
These keys to the car belong to them.（宾格）
It is his phone number.
The phone number is his.（表语）
The phone number belongs to him（宾格）
（4）物主代词& belong to的否定、疑问：
The address is not mine.
The address doesn’t belong to me.（belong是动词，用do来否定）
Are these your letters？
Are these letters yours？
Do these letters belong to you？（belong是动词，用do来否定）
Are these their keys？
Are these keys theirs？
Do these keys belong to them？
Is this your letter？
Is this letter yours？
Does this letter belong to you？
（5）例子
This is my book，yours is over there.
Whose shoes are these？They are hers？
I often help my mother do her housework.
I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.Never mind. You can have some of mine.
Kate is a kind girl.She often helps us leam English.
Sonia, is this your dictionary？Oh, no, it’s not mine.Ask Li Lei, he is looking for his.
Lesson99~100
1.上下楼
downstairs：adv.下楼
upstairs：adv.上楼
go downstairs下楼去
come upstairs上楼来
2.立即
at once（英式）
right now（美式）
3.时态：几乎同时发生的前后动作，用同一时态
I slipped and fell.我滑了下后摔下去了。（一般过去）
He came in and sat down.他进来坐下了。（一般过去）
I came and met his friend, Lucy.我过来见了他的朋友Lucy（一般过去）
4.宾语从句（1）
（1）宾语从句是什么？（从句作宾语）
A.主句&从句
B.引导词：that（可以省略）
C.时态：主句是一般现在，从句任何时态都可以。（后面的课，还会讲到主从句的时态问题）
I love you.（主谓宾：普通句拿来对比）
I think（主句：主+谓/一般现在）（that） he is awful（宾从：主谓宾/一般现在）
She says（主句：主+谓/一般现在）（that） he loved her.（从：主谓宾/一般过去）
He knows（主句：主+谓/一般现在）（ that） she has gone.（从：主谓/现在完成）
has是助动词，不表意义
He is sorry（主句：主+谓/一般现在）（that） he will leave.（从：主谓/一般将来）
will是助动词，不表意义
I know（that） he will watch the movie.我知道他会看电影的。（从：一般将来）
I know（that） he has watched the movie.我知道他已经看电影了。（从：现在完成）
I know（that） he usually watches the movie.我知道他经常看电影。（从：一般现在）
I know（that）he is watching the movie.我知道他正在看电影。（从：现在进行）
（2）宾语从句的语用功能：表达观点
I think（that）…
I believe（that）…
I think（ that）it is very good，
Because we learn about what is the PM2. 5
and what we must do
（3）其他有语义的引导词
A.无感情色彩
say说、think想、believe相信、hope希望、know知道、understand懂得、suppose假设
She says that she is cold. 她说她冷。
He thinks that he needs an X-ray. 他认为他需要拍个X片。
I know that I can repair this car. 我知道我能修理这部车。
They believe that they will have more money. 他们认为他们会有更多的钱。
B.有感情色彩的形容词
afraid害怕、sure肯定、sorry抱歉、glad高兴
I am sure that you need an X-ray. 我觉得你需要拍个X片。
I am sorry that you are ill. 听到你生病了我很难过。
6.slip的词组（滑）
slip my mind：忘记了
slip of the pen：笔误
slip of the tongue：口误
It’s slip my mind.我给忘记了。
That was only a slip of the pen.那仅是笔误。
7.课后练习
A
1 She says that she has found her pen.她说她已经找到她的钢笔。
2 They say that they must remain here.他们说他们必须留在这里
3 He says that he remembers you.他说他记得你
4 She says that she doesn’t speak English.她说她不会说英语
5 They say that they are washing the dishes.他们说他们在洗盘子。
B
1 He says that he feels ill.他说他感到生病了
2 She says that she has got a headache.她说她头痛
3 He says that he wants a haircut.他说他想剪头发
4 They say that they are thirsty.他们说他们口渴了
5 They say that they have a toothache.他们说他们牙痛了
6 She says that she needs a licence.她说她需要驾照
7 He says that he wants an X-ray.他说他要照一次X光机
8 She says that she is cold.她说她有点冷
9 He says that he has got a cold.他说他感冒了
10 He says that he has an earache.他说他耳朵疼
新概念·1册·笔记5（Lesson81~100）
https://www.fylstudio.online/2021/07/18/新概念·1册·笔记5（Lesson81-100）/
