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链接：https://www.fylstudio.online/2021/07/23/CS_SlefLearning%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE/

(CS)计算机科学SlefLearning建议

SlefLearningComputerScience

My 10-step self-taught CS curriculum - any recommendations?

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UPDATE: Thank you all for your feedback! Any future edits will be applied to the updated list in another post: Link to the updated list

Hi, everyone!

I’ve had a great passion for computer science and coding since high school, but I chose medicine eventually and I’ve recently graduated as a physician.

Due to some changes in my situation, I’m gonna have a few hours of free time each day for the next 2 or 3 years. I decided to use this opportunity and learn CS as my serious “hobby”; both to improve my creativity and problem-solving skills and to create something out of my “medical software/website” ideas that come to my mind every once in a while. My goal is not getting a job as a software engineer, I just love CS per se and simply enjoy learning it! To this end, I made my personal curriculum, but I’m not 100% confident if that’s the ideal study plan to learn CS.

Each step has one “recommended course” (often the one recommended by this great guide: Teach Yourself Computer Science), but given my non-technical background, I think it would be difficult for me to dive right into those courses, so I have gathered a few “intermediate” courses for each step as some sort of introduction/backup to take before/instead of the recommended course.

Math is a special subject for me. After 7+ years of studying medicine, it’s inevitable to forget most of the math I had learned back in high-school. So I need a deep and comprehensive review. I will be (re-)studying high-school math (3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 in the list below) along with the first 3 steps of the curriculum and before getting to the actual “Step 3”.

Step 0: “Coding”

I know there are lots of alternatives for learning web development, but I like the way this guy teaches. Alternatives (just in case): W3Schools Online Web Tutorials, freeCodeCamp and its Youtube tutorials for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and so on…

Step 1: “Programming”

Step 2: Computer Architecture/Systems

Step 3: Mathematics

Time for serious stuff! I’m not really sure about the order/content or even if by taking previous courses I’m ready to take the next ones:

I don’t know whether I “have to” take the following courses or I’ll be OK moving on without learning these topics. Of course, I can take them later on if necessary.

Step 4: Algorithms & Data Structures

Step 5: Operating Systems

Step 6: Computer Networking [I couldn’t find a high-quality resource for this step, any input would be appreciated!]

Step 7: Databases

Step 8: Languages & Compilers

Step 9: Distributed Systems

Thanks for reading… Any suggestions and recommendations on the selection or the order/priority of these resources and steps would be much appreciated!

PS: Sorry for my poor English!

Update

My (5+5)-step self-taught CS curriculum [Updated]

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Resource

UPDATE - README FIRST! This is by no means a “one size fits all” curriculum, nor am I an evil creature trying to misguide those new in this field! This is my PERSONAL roadmap that I will use, adapted to reflect my background, situation, and preferences. The main reason I posted this list and the original one is simply to get feedback and guidance from all of you, fantastic people! If anyone wants to change and use this list as their own study plan, feel free to do so. But remember there’s a huge amount of such curated lists all over the internet (which I used myself to create this personal one!), as many have mentioned in the comments.

I recently posted a list of resources I’m going to use as a self-taught CS “curriculum” and got some fantastic feedback! Thank you all for your kind and thoughtful suggestions! Here is the updated list based on the feedback you provided. Any future updates will be applied here.

A little bit of clarification (apparently needed!): I am a young physician and at the same time a big fan of CS since I was in high-school! I don’t want to learn computer science or programming just to get a job, I already have one :) Also I don’t care if it takes a few years to complete even the first 5 steps.

To read my full explanation and see the old list, please check out my original post.

[I’ll study high-school math during steps 0 and 1, but to keep it simple, I’ve put it under step 2.]

Step 0: “Coding”

The following courses are optional for me:

Step 1: “Programming”

Optional:

Step 2: Mathematics

Additional, non-required courses (just in case, because I like math!):

Step 3: Algorithms & Data Structures

Advanced (optional):

Step 4: Computer Architecture/Systems

Note: The following 5 steps are optional and not as “required” as the previous ones.

Extra Step 1: Operating Systems

Even more advanced (optional):

Extra Step 2: Computer Networking

Extra Step 3: Databases

Extra Step 4: Languages & Compilers

Next-level:

Extra Step 5: Distributed Systems

That’s it! Again, any feedback would be appreciated!

CS - OSSU [Github] Other

https://github.com/ossu/computer-science

Open Source Society University (OSSU)

Contents

Summary

The OSSU curriculum is a complete education in computer science using online materials.
It’s not merely for career training or professional development.
It’s for those who want a proper, well-rounded grounding in concepts fundamental to all computing disciplines,
and for those who have the discipline, will, and (most importantly!) good habits to obtain this education largely on their own,
but with support from a worldwide community of fellow learners.

It is designed according to the degree requirements of undergraduate computer science majors, minus general education (non-CS) requirements,
as it is assumed most of the people following this curriculum are already educated outside the field of CS.
The courses themselves are among the very best in the world, often coming from Harvard, Princeton, MIT, etc.,
but specifically chosen to meet the following criteria.

Courses must:

  • Be open for enrollment
  • Run regularly (ideally in self-paced format, otherwise running multiple times per year)
  • Be of generally high quality in teaching materials and pedagogical principles
  • Match the curricular standards of the CS 2013: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Science

When no course meets the above criteria, the coursework is supplemented with a book.
When there are courses or books that don’t fit into the curriculum but are otherwise of high quality,
they belong in extras/courses or extras/readings.

Organization. The curriculum is designed as follows:

  • Intro CS: for students to try out CS and see if it’s right for them
  • Core CS: corresponds roughly to the first three years of a computer science curriculum, taking classes that all majors would be required to take
  • Advanced CS: corresponds roughly to the final year of a computer science curriculum, taking electives according to the student’s interests
  • Final Project: a project for students to validate, consolidate, and display their knowledge, to be evaluated by their peers worldwide

Duration. It is possible to finish within about 2 years if you plan carefully and devote roughly 20 hours/week to your studies. Learners can use this spread to estimate their end date. Make a copy and input your start date and expected hours per week in the Timeline sheet. As you work through courses you can enter your actual course completion dates in the Curriculum Data sheet and get updated completion estimates.

Cost. All or nearly all course material is available for free. However, some courses may charge money for assignments/tests/projects to be graded.
Note that both Coursera and edX offer financial aid.

Decide how much or how little to spend based on your own time and budget;
just remember that you can’t purchase success!

Process. Students can work through the curriculum alone or in groups, in order or out of order.

  • We recommend doing all courses in Core CS, only skipping a course when you are certain that you’ve already learned the material previously.
  • For simplicity, we recommend working through courses (especially Core CS) in order from top to bottom, as they have already been topologically sorted by their prerequisites.
  • Courses in Advanced CS are electives. Choose one subject (e.g. Advanced programming) you want to become an expert in and take all the courses under that heading. You can also create your own custom subject, but we recommend getting validation from the community on the subject you choose.

Content policy. If you plan on showing off some of your coursework publicly, you must share only files that you are allowed to.
Do NOT disrespect the code of conduct that you signed in the beginning of each course!

How to contribute

Getting help (Details about our FAQ and chatroom)

Community

  • We have a discord server! Discord This should be your first stop to talk with other OSSU students. Why don’t you introduce yourself right now? Join the OSSU Discord
  • You can also interact through GitHub issues. If there is a problem with a course, or a change needs to be made to the curriculum, this is the place to start the conversation. Read more here.
  • Subscribe to our newsletter.
  • Add Open Source Society University to your Linkedin profile!
  • Note: There is an unmaintained and deprecated firebase app that you might find when searching OSSU. You can safely ignore it. Read more in the FAQ.

Curriculum

Curriculum version: 8.0.0 (see CHANGELOG)

Prerequisites

  • Core CS assumes the student has already taken high school math, including algebra, geometry, and pre-calculus.
  • Advanced CS assumes the student has already taken the entirety of Core CS
    and is knowledgeable enough now to decide which electives to take.
  • Note that Advanced systems assumes the student has taken a basic physics course (e.g. AP Physics in high school).

Intro CS

Introduction to Programming

If you’ve never written a for-loop, or don’t know what a string is in programming, start here. This course is self-paced, allowing you to adjust the number of hours you spend per week to meet your needs.

Topics covered:
simple programs
simple data structures

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Python for Everybody 10 weeks 10 hours/week none chat

Introduction to Computer Science

This course will introduce you to the world of computer science. Students who have been introduced to programming, either from the courses above or through study elsewhere, should take this course for a flavor of the material to come. If you finish the course wanting more, Computer Science is likely for you!

Topics covered:
computation
imperative programming
basic data structures and algorithms
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Introduction to Computer Science and Programming using Python (alt) 9 weeks 15 hours/week high school algebra chat

Core CS

All coursework under Core CS is required, unless otherwise indicated.

Core programming

Topics covered:
functional programming
design for testing
program requirements
common design patterns
unit testing
object-oriented design
static typing
dynamic typing
ML-family languages (via Standard ML)
Lisp-family languages (via Racket)
Ruby
and more

The How to Code courses are based on the textbook How to Design Programs. The First Edition is available for free online and includes problem sets and solutions. Students are encouraged to do these assignments.

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
How to Code - Simple Data 7 weeks 8-10 hours/week none chat
How to Code - Complex Data 6 weeks 8-10 hours/week How to Code: Simple Data chat
Programming Languages, Part A 5 weeks 4-8 hours/week How to Code (Hear instructor) chat
Programming Languages, Part B 3 weeks 4-8 hours/week Programming Languages, Part A chat
Programming Languages, Part C 3 weeks 4-8 hours/week Programming Languages, Part B chat

Core Math

In addition to their math elective, students must complete the following course on discrete mathematics.

Topics covered:
discrete mathematics
mathematical proofs
basic statistics
O-notation
discrete probability
and more

Courses Duration Effort Notes Prerequisites Discussion
Calculus 1A: Differentiation (alt) 13 weeks 6-10 hours/week The alternate covers this and the following 2 courses high school math chat
Calculus 1B: Integration 13 weeks 5-10 hours/week - Calculus 1A chat
Calculus 1C: Coordinate Systems & Infinite Series 6 weeks 5-10 hours/week - Calculus 1B chat
Mathematics for Computer Science (alt) 13 weeks 5 hours/week An alternate version with solutions to the problem sets is here. Students struggling can consider the Discrete Mathematics Specialization first. It is more interactive but less comprehensive, and costs money to unlock full interactivity. Calculus 1C chat

CS Tools

Understanding theory is important, but you will also be expected to create programs. There are a number of tools that are widely used to make that process easier. Learn them now to ease your future work writing programs.

Topics covered:
terminals and shell scripting
vim
command line environments
version control
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
The Missing Semester of Your CS Education 2 weeks 12 hours/week - chat

Core systems

Topics covered:
procedural programming
manual memory management
boolean algebra
gate logic
memory
computer architecture
assembly
machine language
virtual machines
high-level languages
compilers
operating systems
network protocols
and more

Courses Duration Effort Additional Text / Assignments Prerequisites Discussion
Build a Modern Computer from First Principles: From Nand to Tetris (alt) 6 weeks 7-13 hours/week - C-like programming language chat
Build a Modern Computer from First Principles: Nand to Tetris Part II 6 weeks 12-18 hours/week - one of these programming languages, From Nand to Tetris Part I chat
Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces 10-12 weeks 6-10 hours/week - algorithms, familiarity with C is useful chat
Computer Networking: a Top-Down Approach 8 weeks 4–12 hours/week Wireshark Labs algebra, probability, basic CS chat

Core theory

Topics covered:
divide and conquer
sorting and searching
randomized algorithms
graph search
shortest paths
data structures
greedy algorithms
minimum spanning trees
dynamic programming
NP-completeness
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Divide and Conquer, Sorting and Searching, and Randomized Algorithms 4 weeks 4-8 hours/week any programming language, Mathematics for Computer Science chat
Graph Search, Shortest Paths, and Data Structures 4 weeks 4-8 hours/week Divide and Conquer, Sorting and Searching, and Randomized Algorithms chat
Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, and Dynamic Programming 4 weeks 4-8 hours/week Graph Search, Shortest Paths, and Data Structures chat
Shortest Paths Revisited, NP-Complete Problems and What To Do About Them 4 weeks 4-8 hours/week Greedy Algorithms, Minimum Spanning Trees, and Dynamic Programming chat

Core Security

Topics covered
Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Secure Design
Defensive Programming
Threats and Attacks
Network Security
Cryptography
and more

Note: These courses are provisionally recommended. There is an open Request For Comment on security course selection. Contributors are encouraged to compare the various courses in the RFC and offer feedback.

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Information Security: Context and Introduction 5 weeks 3 hours/week - chat
Principles of Secure Coding 4 weeks 4 hours/week - chat
Identifying Security Vulnerabilities 4 weeks 4 hours/week - chat

Choose one of the following:
Courses | Duration | Effort | Prerequisites | Discussion
:– | :–: | :–: | :–: | :–:
Identifying Security Vulnerabilities in C/C++Programming | 4 weeks | 5 hours/week | - | chat
Exploiting and Securing Vulnerabilities in Java Applications | 4 weeks | 5 hours/week | - | chat

Core applications

Topics covered:
Agile methodology
REST
software specifications
refactoring
relational databases
transaction processing
data modeling
neural networks
supervised learning
unsupervised learning
OpenGL
raytracing
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Databases: Modeling and Theory 2 weeks 10 hours/week core programming chat
Databases: Relational Databases and SQL 2 weeks 10 hours/week core programming chat
Databases: Semistructured Data 2 weeks 10 hours/week core programming chat
Machine Learning 11 weeks 4-6 hours/week linear algebra chat
Computer Graphics 6 weeks 12 hours/week C++ or Java, linear algebra chat
Software Engineering: Introduction 6 weeks 8-10 hours/week Core Programming, and a sizable project chat
Software Development Capstone Project 6-7 weeks 8-10 hours/week Software Engineering: Introduction chat

Advanced CS

After completing every required course in Core CS, students should choose a subset of courses from Advanced CS based on interest.
Not every course from a subcategory needs to be taken.
But students should take every course that is relevant to the field they intend to go into.

Advanced programming

Topics covered:
debugging theory and practice
goal-oriented programming
parallel computing
object-oriented analysis and design
UML
large-scale software architecture and design
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites
Parallel Programming 4 weeks 6-8 hours/week Scala programming
Compilers 9 weeks 6-8 hours/week none
Introduction to Haskell 14 weeks - -
Learn Prolog Now! (alt)* 12 weeks - -
Software Debugging 8 weeks 6 hours/week Python, object-oriented programming
Software Testing 4 weeks 6 hours/week Python, programming experience
Software Architecture & Design 8 weeks 6 hours/week software engineering in Java

(*) book by Blackburn, Bos, Striegnitz (compiled from source, redistributed under CC license)

Advanced systems

Topics covered:
digital signaling
combinational logic
CMOS technologies
sequential logic
finite state machines
processor instruction sets
caches
pipelining
virtualization
parallel processing
virtual memory
synchronization primitives
system call interface
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites
Computation Structures 1: Digital Circuits 10 weeks 6 hours/week Nand2Tetris II
Computation Structures 2: Computer Architecture 10 weeks 6 hours/week Computation Structures 1
Computation Structures 3: Computer Organization 10 weeks 6 hours/week Computation Structures 2

Advanced theory

Topics covered:
formal languages
Turing machines
computability
event-driven concurrency
automata
distributed shared memory
consensus algorithms
state machine replication
computational geometry theory
propositional logic
relational logic
Herbrand logic
game trees
and more

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites
Theory of Computation (Lectures) 8 weeks 10 hours/week discrete mathematics, logic, algorithms
Computational Geometry 16 weeks 8 hours/week algorithms, C++
Game Theory 8 weeks 3 hours/week mathematical thinking, probability, calculus

Advanced math

Courses Duration Effort Prerequisites Discussion
Essence of Linear Algebra - - high school math chat
Linear Algebra 14 weeks 12 hours/week Essence of Linear Algebra chat
Introduction to Logic 10 weeks 4-8 hours/week set theory chat
Probability 24 weeks 12 hours/week Differentiation and Integration chat

Final project

OSS University is project-focused.
The assignments and exams for each course are to prepare you to use your knowledge to solve real-world problems.

After you’ve gotten through all of Core CS and the parts of Advanced CS relevant to you, you should think about a problem that you can solve using the knowledge you’ve acquired.
Not only does real project work look great on a resume, but the project will also validate and consolidate your knowledge.
You can create something entirely new, or you can find an existing project that needs help via websites like
CodeTriage
or
First Timers Only.

Students who would like more guidance in creating a project may choose to use a series of project oriented courses. Here is a sample of options (many more are available, at this point you should be capable of identifying a series that is interesting and relevant to you):
Courses | Duration | Effort | Prerequisites
:– | :–: | :–: | :–:
Fullstack Open | 12 weeks | 6 hours/week | programming
Modern Robotics (Specialization) | 26 weeks | 2-5 hours/week | freshman-level physics, linear algebra, calculus, linear ordinary differential equations
Data Mining (Specialization) | 30 weeks | 2-5 hours/week | machine learning
Big Data (Specialization) | 30 weeks | 3-5 hours/week | none
Internet of Things (Specialization) | 30 weeks | 1-5 hours/week | strong programming
Cloud Computing (Specialization) | 30 weeks | 2-6 hours/week | C++ programming
Data Science (Specialization) | 43 weeks | 1-6 hours/week | none
Functional Programming in Scala (Specialization) | 29 weeks | 4-5 hours/week | One year programming experience
Game Design and Development with Unity 2020 (Specialization) | 6 months | 5 hours/week | programming, interactive design

Evaluation

Upon completing your final project:

  • Submit your project’s information to PROJECTS via a pull request.

  • Put the OSSU-CS badge in the README of your repository!
    Open Source Society University - Computer Science

    • Markdown: [![Open Source Society University - Computer Science](https://img.shields.io/badge/OSSU-computer--science-blue.svg)](https://github.com/ossu/computer-science)
    • HTML: <a href="https://github.com/ossu/computer-science"><img alt="Open Source Society University - Computer Science" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/OSSU-computer--science-blue.svg"></a>

  • Use our community channels to announce it to your fellow students.

Solicit feedback from your OSSU peers.
You will not be “graded” in the traditional sense — everyone has their own measurements for what they consider a success.
The purpose of the evaluation is to act as your first announcement to the world that you are a computer scientist
and to get experience listening to feedback — both positive and negative.

The final project evaluation has a second purpose: to evaluate whether OSSU,
through its community and curriculum, is successful in its mission to guide independent learners in obtaining a world-class computer science education.

Cooperative work

You can create this project alone or with other students!
We love cooperative work!
Use our channels to communicate with other fellows to combine and create new projects!

Which programming languages should I use?

My friend, here is the best part of liberty!
You can use any language that you want to complete the final project.

The important thing is to internalize the core concepts and to be able to use them with whatever tool (programming language) that you wish.

Congratulations

After completing the requirements of the curriculum above, you will have completed the equivalent of a full bachelor’s degree in Computer Science. Congratulations!

What is next for you? The possibilities are boundless and overlapping:

  • Look for a job as a developer!
  • Check out the readings for classic books you can read that will sharpen your skills and expand your knowledge.
  • Join a local developer meetup (e.g. via meetup.com).
  • Pay attention to emerging technologies in the world of software development:
    • Explore the actor model through Elixir, a new functional programming language for the web based on the battle-tested Erlang Virtual Machine!
    • Explore borrowing and lifetimes through Rust, a systems language which achieves memory- and thread-safety without a garbage collector!
    • Explore dependent type systems through Idris, a new Haskell-inspired language with unprecedented support for type-driven development.

keep learning

Code of conduct

OSSU’s code of conduct.

How to show your progress

  1. Create an account in Trello.
  2. Copy this board to your personal account.
    See how to copy a board here.

Now that you have a copy of our official board, you just need to pass the cards to the Doing column or Done column as you progress in your study.

We also have labels to help you have more control through the process.
The meaning of each of these labels is:

  • Main Curriculum: cards with that label represent courses that are listed in our curriculum.
  • Extra Resources: cards with that label represent courses that were added by the student.
  • Doing: cards with that label represent courses the student is current doing.
  • Done: cards with that label represent courses finished by the student.
    Those cards should also have the link for at least one project/article built with the knowledge acquired in such course.
  • Section: cards with that label represent the section that we have in our curriculum.
    Those cards with the Section label are only to help the organization of the Done column.
    You should put the Course’s cards below its respective Section’s card.

The intention of this board is to provide our students a way to track their progress, and also the ability to show their progress through a public page for friends, family, employers, etc.
You can change the status of your board to be public or private.

Team

(CS)计算机科学SlefLearning建议

https://www.fylstudio.online/2021/07/23/CS_SlefLearning建议/

作者

fyl

发布于

2021-07-23

更新于

2021-07-24

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